// 01

Description

The LM324N packs four general-purpose operational amplifiers into one 14-pin DIP. It is the standard choice for sensor amplifiers, comparators, active filters and signal conditioning in Arduino and Raspberry Pi projects because it runs from a single supply as low as 3 V and its inputs work right down to ground.

What it does

Amplifies small signals from microphones, strain gauges, thermocouples and photodiodes before the ADC
Works as a comparator, voltage follower, active filter, PWM-to-analog smoother or current-to-voltage converter
One chip gives four stages, so a complete sensor front end fits on a breadboard

Specifications

Specification	Value
Part	LM324N (quad operational amplifier)
Package	DIP-14, through-hole
Amplifiers per chip	4
Supply voltage	3 to 32 V single supply, or ±1.5 to ±16 V dual
Input common-mode range	Includes ground (0 V)
Output swing	0 V to about VCC - 1.5 V
Gain-bandwidth product	1.2 MHz typical
Slew rate	0.5 V/µs typical
Input offset voltage	2 mV typical, 7 mV max
Supply current	About 0.7 mA typical for all four amplifiers
Operating temperature	0 to 70 C
Sold as	Per piece

Pinout (top view, notch at the top)

Pin	Function	Pin	Function
1	Output 1	14	Output 4
2	Inverting input 1 (-)	13	Inverting input 4 (-)
3	Non-inverting input 1 (+)	12	Non-inverting input 4 (+)
4	VCC (+)	11	GND / VEE (-)
5	Non-inverting input 2 (+)	10	Non-inverting input 3 (+)
6	Inverting input 2 (-)	9	Inverting input 3 (-)
7	Output 2	8	Output 3

Getting started

Place the chip across the centre channel of a breadboard with the notch facing up
Connect pin 4 to 5 V and pin 11 to GND, with a 100 nF capacitor between them
For a simple ×11 amplifier: signal into pin 3, 10 kΩ from pin 2 to GND, 100 kΩ from pin 1 back to pin 2, read the output at pin 1

// 02

Specifications

Part LM324N (quad operational amplifier)

Package DIP-14, through-hole

Amplifiers per chip 4

Supply voltage 3 to 32 V single supply, or ±1.5 to ±16 V dual

Input common-mode range Includes ground (0 V)

Output swing 0 V to about VCC - 1.5 V

Gain-bandwidth product 1.2 MHz typical

Slew rate 0.5 V/µs typical

Input offset voltage 2 mV typical, 7 mV max

Supply current About 0.7 mA typical for all four amplifiers

Operating temperature 0 to 70 C

Sold as Per piece

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